Introduction
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants, with a prevalence ranging from 1.9% to 4.9%. It typically affects children under one year of age, necessitating the use of hypoallergenic infant formulas, especially when breastfeeding is not an option. In most countries, these formulas include those based on hydrolyzed animal proteins or amino acids. Recently, formulas based on Hydrolyzed Rice Protein (HRP) have emerged as a suitable plant-based alternative for families interested in vegan nutrition and for children suffering from CMPA.
The Nutritional Risks of CMPA
CMPA is an abnormal immune response to the proteins in cow’s milk, making the replacement of cow’s milk with goat or sheep milk unsuitable due to the high cross-reactivity between mammalian milk proteins. Symptoms may manifest as digestive, skin, or respiratory issues, ranging from mild to severe. Infants with CMPA face nutritional challenges, including growth faltering and nutrient deficiencies, necessitating careful dietary management.
Plant-Based Proteins in Infant Nutrition
Plant proteins vary in content and quality. Rice protein is one plant protein that aligns well with the human body’s needs and is non-allergenic. Rice protein is used in infant formula production due to its high solubility, making it an excellent option for infants with CMPA.
Development of Hydrolyzed Rice Protein Formulas for CMPA Management
In the European Union, approved protein sources in infant formulas include cow’s milk proteins, goat’s milk proteins, soy protein isolates, and hydrolyzed proteins. Hydrolyzed Rice Protein formulas fall under
“Foods for Special Medical Purposes” (FSMP) and have proven effective in managing CMPA since the early 21st century.
Effectiveness of Hydrolyzed Rice Proteins in Treating CMPA
Studies indicate that infants fed on Hydrolyzed Rice Protein formulas exhibit growth rates similar to those of non-allergic infants. These formulas are considered a safe and healthy alternative to cow’s milk protein-based formulas.
Conclusions
• Hydrolyzed Rice Protein formulas represent a valuable option for feeding infants with CMPA.
• These formulas are nutritionally safe for children.
• They contribute to improving children’s growth without negatively impacting their health.
• They are a suitable option for infants with lactose intolerance.
• They help reduce colic and gas issues in infants.
• It is recommended to introduce a complementary diet for children after the age of one year.
